holographic universe

The holographic principle — proposed by 't Hooft and Susskind, building on the black hole thermodynamics of Bekenstein and Hawking — states that the maximum information in any region of space scales with its surface area — not its volume. One bit per ~10⁻⁶⁶ cm². A 3D region is fully described by data on its 2D boundary, the way a hologram encodes depth on a flat surface.